Children are reacting to foods and developing allergies like never before. Our food supply and the way we tend to eat has changed. Likewise, what's in our food has changed, too. We have to worry about things like genetically modified organisms, pesticides, and additives currently. It looks that the food we eat has caused an allergy epidemic that never used to exist. So, when one get thinking about what to feed kids, one needs to take into consideration not only what to add that is nutritious, however, what to abstain from that isn’t, and what to avoid which will be blatantly harmful.

Cow's milk: Often it is seen that breast milk is replaced by cow’s milk that is harder to digest by the baby and may be subjected to some digestive issues. There are some definite reasons because of which your child shouldn’t consume cow’s milk. For instance, it will lead to an iron deficiency because the quantity of this element in milk is extremely less. Certainly, cow’s milk is so healthy for adults but for babies it's unsafe. Moreover, it will influence badly your child’s kidneys.

Fish: There is one food that most parents are afraid to give to their babies that is fish. Why is it unsafe for them for example, fish has the ability to stop the growth of the body because it contains mercury. One ought to be additional careful with such types of fish as Swordfish, shark, tilefish or Scomberomorus cavalla. They're very high in mercury. Even adults shouldn't eat these very often. Shellfish like shrimp, lobster, crab, scallops should be avoided if seafood allergies run within the family. Bacterial contamination and choking are the 2 vital concerns for young children. The simplest approach is to wait till age five or six years, once your kid has developed a strong immune system.

Honey: Honey contains spores of bacteria known as clostridiu botulinum, which might cause infant botulism in kids under a year old. After a year of age, the natural microorganisms that grow in your child’s gut keep these bacteria from growing and making him or her sick. Don’t feed your kid homemade foods baked or made with honey like bread or granola. Commercially ready cereals or bread made with honey are heated to high temperatures, killing the spores, and are safe to eat.

Though the danger is low, there is growing proof that food is often contaminated by harmful chemicals from some varieties of plastic. Several foods are packaged in these risky plastics – together with fresh meat, gourmet cheese, and even some healthy foods and organic vegetables.  Plastic may also contain abundant smaller molecules that are absolved to migrate into the food it is in contact with. The plastic will deliberately degrade, releasing distinct chemicals which may be added to the plastic to provide it with the decent mechanical properties.

BPA are endocrine disruptors, which means they'll mimic the body's natural hormones and thereby cause a raft of health issues.  Infants and well as very young are most susceptible to exposure owing to their lower weight and since their growth and development are strongly influenced by hormones; the consequences on health may be long. These effects are seen evidently and systematically in experiments with animals, and once individuals or wildlife are unwittingly exposed to lofty levels of endocrine disruptors. While these compounds are without a doubt unsafe at high levels of exposure, scientific opinion is split over the danger from the much lower levels that we're exposed to every day in our food. There is, yet, thriving scientific proof that alike at these minor levels of vulnerability, phthalates and BPA could also be inflicting concern corresponding to infertility, obesity, breast cancer, prostate cancer, heart disease and diabetes.

The use of plastics for wrapping or packaging foods is ruled by the Food Standards Code,  that sets a limit for the extent allowable in the food of highly toxic vinyl chloride monomer nevertheless no specific limits for BPA, DEHA or phthalates. These compounds come below an imprecise clause during this code that prohibits materials "likely to cause bodily harm, distress or discomfort".  Consumers living in Europe and North America are better protected.

Junk food is high in calories however low in nutritional value. It typically contains high amounts of sugar and fat without providing several minerals, vitamins or nutrients that are essential to physiological state. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has augmented dramatically throughout the last three decades with devastating consequences to public health. Ninth graders whose schools are within a block of a fast-food outlet are more probably to be weighty than students whose schools are a quarter of a mile or more away, consistent with a study of millions of school children by economists at the University of California and Columbia University. The sample population was massive, spanned nearly a decade and enclosed such elaborated geographic data that researchers were able to observe obesity rates among ninth graders within the same school within the years before and after a brand new fast food outlet opened nearby.

After adjusting for a large vary of variables, together with financial gain, education and race, the researchers found that obesity rates were 5 percent higher among the ninth graders whose schools were within one-tenth of a mile of a pizza, burger or different well-liked fast-food outlet, compared with students attending colleges farther far from fast-food stores. Another arm of the study analyzed information on millions of pregnant women who gave birth in New Jersey, Michigan, and Texas over the course of 15 years. Once adapting for a number of variables, the researchers determined that women who lived within a half-mile of a fast-food restaurant were at exaggerated risk of gaining entirely 45 pounds throughout the pregnancy, compared with those living farther away from such fast food restaurants.

Since several of the women went on to have another child, the economists were conjointly ready to document exaggerated weight gain during a succeeding pregnancy, when a brand new outlet had opened nearby. The Study offered proof that fast-food restaurants contributed to the obesity drawback, particularly in kids, and had implications for public policy.

Zoning laws that forbid fast-food restaurants close to colleges are completely indicated, and neighbourhoods that prefer to zone out fast-food restaurants are most likely taking a step to guard the future health of their kids Adults suffering serious financial hardship are nine times more probably to experience psychological distress and six times additional possible to have practiced an unmet need for a general practitioner in the past 12 months compared to those with good or excellent living standards. They're more likely to smoke and suffer from a variety of diseases as well as obesity and obesity-related diseases resembling kind 2 diabetes, for example, rates of childhood obesity in deprived areas are 19 percent compared to a few percents for those within the least deprived areas. The analysis emphasizes that low-income families create food-buying choices supporting what their youngsters can eat and the way its satisfy them, instead of shopping for 'healthy' food.

 In early November 2017, the Union Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) with success organized the world Food India 2017 in New Delhi. The 3-day long event showcased India’s potential to become the ‘World Food Factory’ to the participating countries and therefore the leading multinational firms like pepsi Co, Nestle, Cargill, etc. throughout the event, a business worth USD 11.25 Billion with 50 MoUs has been transacted between the MoFPI and the private sector. Considerably, numerous State governments conjointly signed a further USD a pair of.5 Billion worth MoUs at this event.

As per an estimate, India’s current food processing industry is calculable at USD 130 Billion and expected to draw in immense domestic and foreign investment.  A number of the key factors that are doubtless to extend the demand for processed food and consequently the food processing industry within the coming years are -

• India is a country of over 1.25 billion population. With rising socio-economic class having a substantial income, the domestic market offers 1.25 billion opportunities for the sector.

• India ranks number one in the world within the production of milk, ghee, ginger, bananas, guavas, papayas and mangoes. Further, India ranks number 2 in the world in the production of rice, wheat and several other vegetables & fruits. If the excess production of cereals, fruits, vegetables, milk, fish, meat and poultry, etc are processed and marketed both inside and out of doors the country, there will be bigger opportunities for the expansion of the sector.

• Due to rapid urbanization, food habits are changing quickly towards value-added foods. The amendment is accentuated by the very fact that over 65th of India’s population is thirty-five or below, UN agency is inclined to possess processed food.

• Next, to China, India is among the quickest growing economies within the world. The recent quantum jump in the ease of doing business ranking of the World Bank (from 130 to 100) indicates the conducive business climate within the country and expected to draw in foreign investment into this sector.

• As per an estimate, around 40 per cent of total food production is wasted because of the inadequate facilities for transportation, storage, process and selling. If these deficiencies are addressed, there's an enormous scope for the development of the sector.

To take advantage of the on top of mentioned factors, the govt. has initiated the subsequent measures for the event of the food process sector.

Every year over twenty million infants are born with low birth weight worldwide. About 3.6 million infants die during the neonatal span. Two-thirds of those deaths exist in southern Asia and sub-Saharan africa. More than one-third of kid deaths are thought to be owing to maternal and child undernutrition. Deficiencies in micronutrients such as folic acid, iron and zinc and vitamins A, B6, B12, C, E and riboflavin are extremely prevailing and should occur concurrently among pregnant women. Micronutrient deficiencies result from meagre intake of meat, fruits and vegetables, and infections may also be a cause. In pregnant women, numerous micronutrient supplementations encourage approach for reducing inimical maternity outcomes through revised maternal nutritionary and immune standing.

The World Health Organization (WHO) presently recommends iron and folic acid supplementation to cut back the chance of iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women. Considering several developing countries have already got systems in place for the delivery of iron and folic acid supplements, micronutrient supplements may well be provided at a very little extra price.

Many efficient trails analysis exploring the consequences of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementations are conducted with some limitations. Though some researchers have raised controversy that micronutrient supplementation could increase perinatal mortality, none of the preceding review articles has adequately addressed this issue. None has examined the potential sources of heterogeneousness within the result of supplementation on perinatal mortality.

In extension, most of the studies reviews addressing maternal nutrition and birth outcomes have reached the complication by investigating single nutrients in isolation. On one level, this is often necessary for an in-depth study of the advanced problems involved. However, nutrient deficiencies are typically found in low-Socio-economic populations, wherever additional possible to involve multiple rather than single deficiencies and studies that address and convey along the broader image of multiple nutrient intakes or deficiencies are lacking.

India is with highest livestock populations within the world, it accounts 500th of the buffaloes and 200th of the world‘s cows population, most of that are milch cows and milch buffaloes. India‘s dairy farm industry is taken into account together of the most productive development business in the post-Independence era. India is the largest producer of milk with around 133 Million MT of milk production in 2013. This milk is produced at around 75 million dairy farms with the captive holding of two cows per farm with a mean yield of around one thousand liters per day. Out of this virtually half, the milk is consumed at the production level and balance involves the market for direct sales and process. The quantitative relation of unorganized to the organized sector in milk procurement and trading is 60:40.

The performance of the Indian dairy farm sector throughout the past 3 decades has been very spectacular. Milk production grew at a mean annual rate of 4.57 % throughout the 1970s, 5.68 % throughout the 1980s, and 4.21 % throughout the 1990s. The per-capita accessibility of milk was 128 gms in 1980-81 gradually enhanced to 232 gms in 2004-05. Despite, it’s being the biggest milk producer in the world, India's per capita accessibility of milk remains lower than the recommendations (minimum nutritional requirement of 280 gm per day) of ICMR. Many factors have contributed to the raised milk production within the country. First, milk and milk product have cultural significance within the Indian diet and became a very important supply of protein in the diet. The socioeconomic and demographic changes, rising financial gain levels, urbanization and ever-changing food habits and lifestyles have conjointly strengthened growth in demand for dairy farm product. Further, on the availability side, technological progress within the production and processing sectors, institutional factors, and infrastructure played a crucial role.

Food packaging technology is incessantly evolving in response to the growing challenges in modern society. Active and intelligent packaging systems are two innovative branches of the packaging field, which permit the advancement of food product with extended shelf life, better food quality and safety.

Scientific works are mentioned with a lot of emphasis on the utilization of technology for the development of recent packaging materials with improved mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties and on the utilization of bio-based nanocomposites as some way to enhance the technological properties of green materials, thus substituting typical non-biodegradable petroleum-based plastic packaging materials.

Current approch in nanoscience and technology intend unique and innovative applications within the food business. Technology exposed to be an economical methodology in several fields, notably the food business and also the area of functional foods.  Although as is the circumstance with the growth of any novel food processing technology, food packaging material, or food ingredient, further studies are required to demonstrate the potential advantages of nanotechnologies and designed nanomaterials designed to be used in foods while not adverse health effects. Nanoemulsions display excellent physical constancy against gravitational partition and droplet accumulation, and improved bioavailability of encapsulated materials, which make them appropriate for food applications. Nano-encapsulation is that the most crucial supporting technologies having the chance to safeguard bioactive chemicals.

Low diffusion of active and intelligent packaging in EU countries has been related to their high costs and to the lack of a worldwide accepted legislation about their safety issues. Even though much progress has been made, further research still needs to be conducted on how these solutions may affect product characteristics.

This features the applications of ongoing nanotechnology research in food technology and agriculture, as well as nanoemulsion, nanocomposites, nanosensors, nano-encapsulation, food packaging, and propose future developments within the developing field of agrifood nanotechnology. Also, an outline of nanostructured materials, and their current applications and future views in food science also are given.

Food Borne Disease can be described as an illness with symptoms vomiting and diarrhoea after eating any type of contaminated food with bacteria, viruses or parasites called pathogens. Food borne illness are caused by pathogens such as E. coli, Shigella, salmonella, listeria and clostridium. In many cases the food borne illness can be avoided before transmission.

Oral-Fecal Route

Through the oral-fecal route many types of food borne sickness are transmitted. Microorganism within the fecal matter contaminates your food, most commonly through sub-par levels of hygiene. If you do not wash your hands with soap and water once after using the washroom, the contamination of meal while preparing it is more. Consuming the food that has been contaminated with bacterium resembling enterobacteria during this manner will cause you to sick. Contamination of water sources with faecal matter, a phenomenon additional common in developing countries than in North America, is different way by which you'll be able to be affected by foodborne sickness.

Contamination of Surfaces

Raw or undercooked foods are often a transmission route for foodborne health problem, as well as illness from salmonella. Cooking foods to minimum internal temperatures, between a 145 and 160 degrees F depending on the type of meat, eliminates the danger of this kind of sickness. Sanitizing kitchen surfaces and utensils watchfully will stop this sort of foodborne illness. Bacterium from raw eggs and poultry that is still on cutting boards, knives and kitchen counters contains a likelihood of contaminating different foods. Once you consume the contaminated foods, unpleasant indication  similar to nausea, vomit and headache might arise.

Improper Food Storage

Storing cooked foods incorrectly is another potential way to develop foodborne diseases. If the food is neglected the Bacterium grows on food if it has been left out without refrigeration for extended periods of time. Eat hot food immediately upon serving to scale back your risk of contamination; the left overs of the food should be stored in the refrigerator within two hours.

Considerations

Foodborne health problem symptoms vary from minor cases of nausea to additional severe implications similar to dehydration. Save food and all associated packaging of things you believe have made you sick, so as to pinpoint the precise nature of the problem. Your local health department could check the items to see if the foodborne illness poses a threat to your community. Speak to your doctor if your symptoms continue for longer than a few of days.

Food fraud could be a major challenge worldwide, and it will have a long-lasting social and economic impact on a country. Firms and law enforcement use automation and processes to boost authentication, traceability, and provide chain optimisation to search out counterfeits. If contaminated food is released to the general public and people get sick from it, the harm will be long. The United Kingdom's economy nearly went into a recession after an epidemic of Mad Cow disease in 1996. Many people died from the occurrence, and several other countries banned meat imports from European nation as a results of the occurrence.

Yet the challenge is that packaging has not fixed with counterfeiters. The tide is turning, though, as firms and lawmakers are starting to understand the role packaging will play in preventing food fraud. Firms are engaged on planning countermeasures.

The goal is to forestall the fraudsters from knocking off the product, the brand, the company, the business, or maybe the country. The latter purpose is more of a world issue since a number of the industries are nationalized.

The countermeasures in place for firms and law enforcement to search out counterfeit and deceitful packaging are targeted in authentication, traceability, and supply chain optimisation.

Authentication permits inspectors and therefore the customers to understand whether or not one thing is real or fake. Inspectors will confirm credibility by searching for a specific part similar to a exposure and guaranteeing it acts in a very specific manner.

Traceability is vital as a result of it allows the companies, the suppliers, and also the government to observe wherever a product has been, wherever it's going, and if it gets lost; the supply chain will track it down. Packaging comes in handy as a result of they'll be furnished global positioning system (GPS) chips or different localization markings to verify that a product has to head for one location instead of another.

Transparency, significantly in Europe and China, is important for corporations as governments, enforcement teams like Interpol, and firms work along to confine on food fraud.

Supply chain optimisation, is crucial. The Chinese government, specially, "Is moving mountains to guard the supply chain and protect its integrity." Europe and also the united states are not any totally different, and firms have collaborated with each other to make sure that the method is not tainted. Once a devastating leak just like the Mad Cow incident happens, different corporations are going to be affected as a result of the general public starts thinking this could not simply be restricted to one company.

Researchers in the EU-funded EuroPrevall recently came across more than 900 published reports to know the percentage of people who are having food allergy in the society.

Many people believe that the number of individuals with food allergy is increasing. It's conjointly a bearing gained by the doctors running allergy clinics that the incidence of food allergies changes with age and varies across completely different geographical areas. However, we tend to typically lack research results that may clarify whether this is in fact true.

Children and Food Allergy

It is an impression gained by allergy doctors that milk and egg allergies are among the foremost common forms of food allergy in kids. At the age of 3-5 years several of the kids with milk and egg allergy have outgrown their allergy. Alternative foods which frequently inflicting hypersensitivity in older kids are peanut, fish, and tree nuts. These allergies can usually last for a lifespan.

Adults and Food Allergy

Clinical evidence suggests that fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, and peanuts are accountable for most allergic reactions among adults. Most of the hypersensitivity among adults begin attributable to cross-reactions ensuing from allergies to pollen or latex. Those who are allergic towards pollen or latex could experience problems when eating certain fruits, vegetables, and nuts. This usually happens because our bodies can differentiate the allergens in pollen or latex and similar proteins that are present in the foods.

Geographical Differences

The occurrence of food allergy most likely varies across different geographical areas e.g. because of completely different dietary patterns and variations in exposure to pollen. For example, fish allergy seems to be more common in countries like Norway, Portugal and Japan wherever fish is consumed in larger amounts than in most other countries. Another example is hazelnut allergy, that seems to be additional common in geographical areas wherever birch pollen is plentiful due to cross-reactivity between the birch pollen and hazelnut. 

Gender Differences

Little info exists on gender differences in food allergy in kids. In adults, an effect gained by allergy doctors is that food allergy is additional common in women. However, it's not best-known whether this gender distinction is because of physiological variations or to variations in health-seeking behaviour between men and women.

1. Peculiar meat and seafood—lesser known sea foods are building up the new market in America. From restaurant menus and local obscurity into mainstream American kitchens.they have build up the choice of majority.

2. Wine in a exceedingly can—As american wine drinkers become an more and more young, numerous and pixilated bunch, winemakers are paying attention. Cue the aluminum can – a transportable, easy-to-chill possibility that’s well suited for single servings and active, outside lifestyles.

3. Plant-based everything—Plants are enjoying a meatier role in an exceedingly shocking variety of product, and not just for vegetarian and vegetarian alternatives.

4. Non-GMO-fed verified products—As shoppers demand a lot of transparency in their food, the non-GMO movement can still gain momentum. Whole Foods Market presently offers quite 11,000 non-GMO verified selections and 25,000 organic choices, with even more within the pipeline.

5. Heirloom ingredients beyond the tomato—Heirloom ingredients are creating a comeback and not simply within the manufacture aisle.

6. Alternative and wheat-free flours—People are going whacky for gluten-free flours made up of legumes, ancient grains, teff, amaranth and, well, nuts. Chickpea flour could be a quick riser, whereas different legume-based flours are contact in bean-based pastas and alternative foodstuff.

7. Old World flavor — The flavours from different regions has gained the peoples perspective .The flavours from Korea, south peninsula, India and middle east has gained the peoples taste.

8. Graze Craze:—With increase market demands for the new products  from milk, eggs, yogurt, butter and cheese options to packaged meat snacks and even protein powders –from  every store to store it has proven longer a opening category for health activist.